Citations are NAP (name/address/phone) mentions of your business on third-party platforms. They function as trust signals to Google's local ranking algorithm. For Canadian businesses, the citations that move the needle are: Google Business Profile (mandatory), Apple Maps Connect (mandatory), Bing Places (mandatory), Yelp Canada, Yellow Pages Canada, Canada411, the Better Business Bureau (BBB), and chamber-of-commerce listings for your local market. Vertical-specific citations matter more than generic ones — a healthcare practice should be on Healthgrades.ca and RateMDs; a law firm should be on the Canadian Lawyer Directory and provincial bar association listings; a contractor should be on HomeStars and TrustedPros. The mistake most agencies make is paying for blanket citation submissions to 200+ low-quality directories. Quality and relevance beat quantity by a wide margin in 2026.