Start with Google Search Console to identify crawl errors, coverage issues, and manual actions. This free tool shows you exactly how Google sees your site and flags problems like blocked resources, soft 404s, or server errors. Pair it with Screaming Frog or a similar crawler to audit your entire site structure in one pass, typically 15-30 minutes for sites under 10,000 pages. Your technical SEO checklist should cover five core areas. First, crawlability: verify your robots.txt isn't blocking important sections, your XML sitemap is clean and submitted, and internal linking creates clear pathways to every page. Second, indexability: check that pages return proper 200 status codes, canonical tags point correctly, and you're not accidentally noindexing important content. Third, site speed: run PageSpeed Insights or Chrome's Lighthouse to measure Core Web Vitals, aiming for LCP under 2.5s, FID under 100ms, and CLS under 0.1. Fourth, mobile-friendliness through Google's Mobile-Friendly Test. Fifth, security and structure: confirm HTTPS is properly implemented site-wide and structured data validates in Google's Rich Results Test. For clients in our portfolio, we run these audits quarterly at minimum, monthly for competitive niches. The most common issues we catch are orphaned pages with zero internal links, redirect chains that waste crawl budget, and oversized images killing Core Web Vitals scores. On Canadian hosting, we regularly see server response times spike during peak hours, which directly impacts LCP. Don't just collect data—prioritize fixes by traffic impact. A broken canonical on your homepage matters more than a speed issue on a blog post getting 10 visits per month. We typically fix critical errors (5xx server errors, deindexed pages) within 24 hours, high-impact issues (slow Core Web Vitals on top landing pages) within a week, and lower-priority items in monthly sprints. Technical SEO isn't a one-time audit; it's ongoing maintenance as your site grows and Google's requirements evolve.