Modern Google handles client-side JavaScript reasonably well, but server-side rendering or hybrid rendering (SSR + hydration) remains the safer choice. Pre-rendering is a workable compromise. Pure SPAs without any rendering strategy still struggle for crawl reliability and AI-engine extraction.
For most beyond-basic work, yes. Technical SEO is an engineering discipline with marketing knowledge layered on top.
Not inherently — but you need server-side or static rendering. A pure client-side SPA without rendering strategy will struggle.
Schema.org's official validator + Google's Rich Results Test. Fix any errors immediately.
Yes — robots.txt + a sitewide noindex on the staging domain. Accidentally indexing staging is a common painful mistake.